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Help:Table
{{H:h}} This page gives information about syntax to build wiki-tables in . Using the ToolbarYou can use the Mediawiki edit toolbar to create tables.The toolbar is helpful to generate the necessary codings. Use the first button on the right of the toolbar to insert a table when editing a page. By default, it includes the following text: {| class="wikitable" |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2, cell 1 | row 2, cell 2 | row 2, cell 3 |} See : header, row, cell. Pipe syntax tutorial
Although HTML table syntax also works, special wikicode can be used as a shortcut to create a table. The pipe () codes function exactly the same as markup, so a knowledge of HTML table code will help in understanding pipe code. The shortcuts are as follows:
{| table code goes here |}
{|
|+ caption
table code goes here
|}
{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
cell code goes here
|-
cell code goes here
|}
{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
| cell codes go here
|-
| cells in the next row go here
| more cells in the same row here
|}
{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
|Cell A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}
{| border="1"
|-
|format modifier (not displayed)|These all |(including the pipes)|go into |the first cell
|-
|}
which is probably not what you want:
However, the format modifier is useful: {| border="1" |- |Cell 1 (no modifier - not aligned) |- |align="right" |Cell 2 (right aligned) |- |}
Just remember: no more than 2 single pipes on a line!
{|
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
|Cell A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}
{|
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}
{| border="1"
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}
The final table would display like this:
The table parameters and cell parameters are the same as in , see http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE and . However, the A table can be useful even if none of the cells have content. For example, the background colors of cells can be changed with cell parameters, making the table into a diagram, like . An "image" in the form of a table is much more convenient to edit than an uploaded image. Each row must have the same number of cells as the other rows, so that the number of columns in the table remains consistent (unless there are cells which span several columns or rows, see colspan and rowspan in Mélange example below). For empty cells, use the non-breaking space ExamplesSimple exampleBoth of these generate the same output. Choose a style based on the number of cells in each row and the total text inside each cell. Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Multiplication tableWiki markup
What it looks like in your browser (see: Help:User_style)
Color; scope of parametersTwo ways of specifying color of text and background for a single cell are as follows. The first form is preferred: Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Like other parameters, colors can also be specified for a whole row or the whole table; parameters for a row override the value for the table, and those for a cell override those for a row: Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
To make the table blend in with the background, use Width, heightThe width and height of the whole table can be specified, as well as the height of a row. To specify the width of a column one can specify the width of an arbitrary cell in it. If the width is not specified for all columns, and/or the height is not specified for all rows, then there is some ambiguity, and the result depends on the browser. Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Note that Setting your column widthsIf you wish to force column widths to your own requirements, rather than accepting the width of the widest text element in a column's cells, then follow this example. Note that wrap-around of text is forced.
To set column widths in a table without headers, specify the width in the first cell for each column, like this:
Vertical alignmentBy default data in tables is vertically centrally aligned, which results in odd-looking layouts like this:
To fix this, apply the valign="top" attribute to the rows (unfortunately it seems to be necessary to apply this individually to every single row). For example:
PositioningOne can position the table itself, and all contents in a row, and contents in a cell, but not with a single parameter for all contents in the table, see . Do not, under any circumstances, use "float" to position a table. It will break page rendering at large font sizes. MélangeHere's a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. You can play with these settings in your own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because you can add colored backgrounds, for example, doesn't mean it's always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in your tables relatively simple -- remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give you an idea of what is possible, though. Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Floating tableWiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Nested tablesThis shows one table (in blue) nested inside another table's cell2. Nested tables have to start on a new line. Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPANWiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Note that using Centering tablesCentered tables can be achieved, but they will not "float"; that is to say, no text will appear to either side. The trick is {| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Setting parametersAt the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example width="300"| will set that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one. Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Decimal point alignmentA method to get columns of numbers aligned at the decimal point is as follows: Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
If the column of numbers appears in a table with cell padding or cell spacing, one can still align the decimal points without an unsightly gap in the middle. Embed a table in each number's cell and specify its column widths. Make the embedded tables' column widths the same for each cell in the column. (If decimal points are still misaligned using this method, the main table's column may be too narrow. Add a parameter to increase the column's width.) Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
In simple cases one can dispense with the table feature and simply start the lines with a space, and put spaces to position the numbers: 432.1 43.21 4.321 Style classesSome users have created classes and templates to make table styles easier. Instead of remembering table parameters, you just include an appropriate style class after the
simply by replacing inline CSS for the table by Wiki markup
What it looks like in your browser
Notice that the table retains the gray background of the wikitable class, and the headers are still bold and centered. But now the text formatting has been overridden by the local style statement; all of the text in the table has been made italic and 120% normal size, and the wikitable border has been replaced by the red dashed border. Of course this works only for browsers supporting inline CSS, if it's important use XHTML markup like SortingFor a sortable table (wikitable sortable) see . Table row depending on a template parameterWiki-syntax for a table row can be made optional using ParserFunctions. To avoid confusion between pipe characters as used in ParserFunctions, and those which are part of the table syntax, the latter are put with a special {{tim}}, see {{tim}}. Other table syntaxOther types of table syntax that MediaWiki supports:
All three are supported by MediaWiki and create (currently) valid HTML output, but the pipe syntax is the simplest, especially for people who are already familiar with HTML. Also, HTML and wiki <td> syntax will not necessarily remain browser-supported in the upcoming future, especially on handheld internet-accessible devices. See also , . Note however that the Comparison of table syntax
Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML producedThe pipe syntax, developed by , substitutes pipes (|) for HTML. There is an on-line script which converts html tables to pipe syntax tables. The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using TablesA is defined by {| ''params'' |} which equals <table ''params''>Insert non-formatted text here </table>
Rows<tr> tags will be generated automatically for the first row. To start a new row, use |- which results in <tr> Parameters can be added like this: |- params which results in <tr params> Note:
CellsCells are generated either like this: |cell1 |cell2 |cell3 or like this: |cell1||cell2||cell3 which both equal <td>cell1</td><td>cell2</td><td>cell3</td> so "||" equals "newline" + "|" Parameters in cells can be used like this: |params|cell1||params|cell2||params|cell3 which will result in <td params>cell1</td> <td params>cell2</td> <td params>cell3</td> HeadersFunctions the same way as TD, except "!" is used instead of the opening "|". "!!" can be used instead of "||". Parameters still use "|", though! Example: !params|cell1 CaptionsA <caption> tag is created by |+ Caption which generates <caption>Caption</caption> You can also use parameters: |+ params|Caption which will generate <caption params>Caption</caption> Displaying the table code which generates a tableA simple wiki markup table's code inside a Code box can be seen below.
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}
Above code produces/displays below table:
Below code, generated and displayed the above table's Code box code itself, on the screen and web page, inside a blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box.
<pre>
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}
</pre>
Note that, HTML tag <pre> was used to achieve displaying the above code and the Code box. Other alternatives to display table codeIn most cases, when a code line is longer than the web browser window's width, then a scrolling bar appears at bottom, to let the viewer slide to the right side (and also left side) to see the rest of the code, because, the use of <pre> tag causes code lines to remain intact, unless an (/) hidden character is reached in that text line. But having to slide or scroll to the right or left to view the full code line is often not comfortable to many users. To solve such problem, using the <p>, <tt> and <br /> HTML tags, are better than using the <pre> tag, as those will not result in the need to move the scroll-bar to the right (or left) side for viewing, by causing code lines to wrap around so that they don't exceed the length allowed by the web browser window's width. By placing the code inside the <tt>...</tt> HTML tags, the code is displayed with a text/font, (like the <pre> tag uses) for easier reading. HTML tag <br /> is used to display (or bring) next line of code, starting from the next line. HTML tag <p> along with its CSS style properties, is used to create the blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box (Code box) around the codes, (like the HTML <pre> tag, which gets these properties from the main.css stylesheet file). An example of table code with a long line is:
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" producing the below table:
The Code box above the table has the auto line wrapping feature enabled. Note the long line of code (the sixth line from top), which is wrapped inside the Code box. This Code box and the code inside it, can be displayed by using the below code in the edit box.
<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt> See the above codes, note that, <nowiki>...</nowiki> tags were used to disable wiki markup codes for beginning a table ({|), ending a table (|}), start of an image displaying ([[), or a hyperlink, etc. All wiki & HTML markup codes need to be disabled by enclosing them inside the <nowiki>...</nowiki> tags. If these codes were to be displayed inside another table, then, each | (pipe) & ! (Exclamation mark) symbol also needed to be enclosed inside the <nowiki> tags. Note that, the longer line is automatically wrapped according to the width of the web browser's window, inside the Code box. Alternatively, we can replace each | () character with | (HTML decimal entity code), replace each ! () with ! code, replace { (beginning curly/second ) with { and we may replace } (closing curly/second bracket) with } code. Also replace the < (less than sign, or beginning angle bracket) with < numeric entity code or, replace it with < (HTML symbol entity code). For more on HTML decimal or numeric entity codes, please see . To display the wiki image markup code, we should replace the [ (beginning square/third bracket) with [ and we may replace ] (closing square/third bracket) with ]. When we are replacing characters with their numeric enitity codes, we are actually disabling their normal functionality, so we can display them on the web page(s).
<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt> See also disabling wikitext interpretation and/or reformatting. See also
External links
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